Quiz 1   Fullscreen Mode Additional exercise Differentiation Rules and Concepts Differentiation Rules and Concepts Gradient of a Curve The gradient of a curve is represented as: dy/dx This represents the rate of change of the curve $y=f(x)$. The Four Rules of Differentiation 1. Power Rule If $y=x^n$, then: d/dx (x^n) = n * x^(n-1) 2. Scalar Multiple Rule If $y=kf(x)$, where $k$ is a constant, then: d/dx [kf(x)] = k * d/dx [f(x)] 3. Addition/Subtraction Rule If $y=f(x)\pm g(x)$, then: d/dx [f(x) ± g(x)] = d/dx [f(x)] ± d/dx [g(x)] 4. Chain Rule If $y=f(u)$ and $u=g(x)$, then: dy/dx = (dy/du) * (du/dx) Tangen...

Quiz 1:   Fullscreen Mode Quiz 2:   Fullscreen Mode Fundamentals of Magnets Magnets are objects that have two poles - a north (N) pole and a south (S) pole. Every magnet always has these two poles, and cannot have only one pole (Ruoho & Arkkio, 2008). Properties of Magnets: Like poles repel each other Opposite poles attract each other The strength of the magnetic force decreases as the distance increases Magnetic Field The magnetic field is the region around a magnet where the magnetic force can still be felt. The strength of the magnetic field is shown by the magnetic field lines: The closer the field lines, the stronger the magnetic field The direction of the magnetic field is always from the north pole to the south pole Types of Magnetic Materials Magnetic Materials: Examples are iron, steel, nickel, and cobalt Can be attracted by magnets Can be magnetized Non-magnetic Materials: Examples are aluminum and wood Cannot be attr...

Quiz 1:   Fullscreen Mode Quiz 2:   Fullscreen Mode The Speed or Rate of the Reaction The Speed or Rate of the Reaction The rate of a chemical reaction is a measure of how quickly reactants are converted into products. In everyday life, reactions can vary significantly in speed; for instance, the formation of silver chloride precipitate when silver nitrate is mixed with sodium chloride occurs almost instantaneously, while the rusting of iron is a slow process that can take years. The rate of reaction can be quantified by measuring the change in concentration of reactants or products over time. For example, when zinc (Zn) reacts with sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), the rate can be assessed by the volume of hydrogen gas (H 2 ) produced per unit time. One of the simplest methods to determine the rate of reaction is to measure the volume of gas produced using a gas syringe. Various factors influence the rate of reaction, includin...

Quiz 1:   Fullscreen Mode Quiz 3:   Fullscreen Mode Electricity And Chemical Change: Electrochemistry Electricity And Chemical Change: Electrochemistry 1 Conductors and Insulators Testing Conductivity We can test whether a substance conducts electricity by inserting it into a simple electrical circuit consisting of a battery, wires, and a light bulb. If the bulb lights up, the substance is a conductor. If the bulb does not light up, the substance is an insulator. Testing Results Metals and graphite are solid conductors: Example: Tin conducts electricity when tested. Reason: The presence of free electrons that can move. Molecular substances do not conduct electricity: Example: Ethanol does not conduct electricity when tested. Reason: There are no charged particles that can move freely. Ionic substances have special proper...

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